< Debian
/bin (usr/bin)内に格納されている一般ユーザ用コマンド592個。システム管理者用コマンドも参照。
使いそう/重要
汎用アプリ
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| man | システムの説明書。an interface to the system reference manuals. |
| bash | GNU Bourne-Again SHell. Bash is an sh-compatible command language interpreter that executes commands read from the standard input or from a file. Bash also incorporates useful features from the Korn and C shells (ksh and csh). |
| vi/ex | Vi IMproved, a programmer's text editor. Vim is a text editor that is upwards compatible to Vi. It can be used to edit all kinds of plain text. It is especially useful for editing programs. "ex" stands for extended, because it was originally an extension of the simple line editor ed. Similarly, "vi" stands for visual, because vi is the "visual" (full-screen) editing mode, which was eventually added to ex. |
ハードウェア管理
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| arch | Print machine architecture. x86_64 |
| fincore | counts pages of file contents being resident in memory (in core), and reports the numbers. メモリにキャッシュされているページを表示。 |
| free | displays the total amount of free and used physical and swap memory in the system, as well as the buffers and caches used by the kernel. The information is gathered by parsing /proc/meminfo. |
ブートローダ管理
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| bootctl | Control EFI firmware boot settings and manage boot loader. bootctl can check the EFI firmware and boot loader status, list and manage available boot loaders and boot loader entries, and install, update, or remove the systemd-boot(7) boot loader on the current system. |
| grub-* | grub関係コマンド |
カーネル管理
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| dmesg | used to examine or control the kernel ring buffer. The default action is to display all messages from the kernel ring buffer. |
| getconf | Displays all configuration variables for the current system and their values. |
デバイス管理
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| du | estimate file space usage. Summarize disk usage of the set of FILEs, recursively for directories. |
| fallocate | manipulate the allocated disk space for a file, either to deallocate or preallocate it. For filesystems which support the fallocate system call, preallocation is done quickly by allocating blocks and marking them as uninitialized, requiring no IO to the data blocks. This is much faster than creating a file by filling it with zeroes. |
| findmnt | will list all mounted filesystems or search for a filesystem. The findmnt command is able to search in /etc/fstab, /etc/mtab or /proc/self/mountinfo. If device or mountpoint is not given, all filesystems are shown. |
ファイルシステム管理
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| df | displays the amount of disk space available on the file system containing each file name argument. If no file name is given, the space available on all currently mounted file systems is shown. Disk space is shown in 1K blocks by default, unless the environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT is set, in which case 512-byte blocks are used. |
プロセス管理
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| chrt | sets or retrieves the real-time scheduling attributes of an existing pid, or runs command with the given attributes. |
| lnstat ctstat rtstat |
unified linux network statistics. lnstat is a generalized and more feature-complete replacement for the old rtstat program. It is commonly used to periodically print a selection of statistical values exported by the kernel. In addition to routing cache statistics, it supports any kind of statistics the linux kernel exports via a file in /proc/net/stat/. |
セキュリティ管理
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| chcon | Change the SELinux security context of each FILE to CONTEXT. |
| gpgv | OpenPGP (Pretty Good Privacy) signature verification tool. This program is actually a stripped-down version of gpg (GNU Privacy Guard) which is only able to check signatures. It is somewhat smaller than the fully-blown gpg and uses a different (and simpler) way to check that the public keys used to make the signature are valid. |
パッケージ管理
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| apt | a high-level commandline interface for the package management system. |
| dpkg | 普通はaptを使うが、個々のパッケージを細かくいじりたいときはdpkgを使う。package manager for Debian. dpkg is a tool to install, build, remove and manage Debian packages. The primary and more user-friendly front-end for dpkg is aptitude(8). dpkg itself is controlled entirely via command line parameters, which consist of exactly one action and zero or more options. The action-parameter tells dpkg what to do and options control the behavior of the action in some way. |
| debconf | run a debconf-using program. Debconf is a configuration system for Debian packages. For a debconf overview and documentation for sysadmins, see debconf(7) (in the debconf-doc package). |
| discover-config | reports stuff about the package's configuration. |
ユーザ管理
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| chfn | command changes user fullname, office room number, office phone number, and home phone number information for a user's account. This information is typically printed by finger(1) and similar programs. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, subject to the restrictions in /etc/login.defs. |
| chage | changes the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change. This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change their password. |
| expiry | check and enforce password expiration policy. The expiry command checks (-c) the current password expiration and forces (-f) changes when required. It is callable as a normal user command. |
| faillog | displays the contents of the failure log database (/var/log/faillog). It can also set the failure counters and limits. When faillog is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records of the users who had a login failure. |
| gpasswd | used to administer /etc/group, and /etc/gshadow. Every group can have administrators, members and a password. System administrators can use the -A option to define group administrator(s) and the -M option to define members. They have all rights of group administrators and members. |
| groups | print the groups a user is in. Print group memberships for each USERNAME or, if no USERNAME is specified, for the current process. |
環境管理
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| chsh | changes the user login shell. This determines the name of the user's initial login command. A normal user may only change the login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell for any account. |
| clear clear_console |
clears your screen if this is possible, including its scrollback buffer (if the extended “E3” capability is defined). clear looks in the environment for the terminal type given by the environment variable TERM, and then in the terminfo database to determine how to clear the screen. |
| date | Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date. |
| dircolors | color setup for ls. Output commands to set the LS_COLORS environment variable. |
| env | run a program in a modified environment. Set each NAME to VALUE in the environment and run COMMAND. |
| envsubst | Substitutes the values of environment variables. |
ジョブ管理
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| crontab | maintain crontab files for individual users. it used to install, deinstall or list the tables used to drive the cron(8) daemon in Vixie Cron. Each user can have their own crontab, and though these are files in /var/spool/cron/crontabs, they are not intended to be edited directly. |
ファイル調査
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| [ test |
check file types and compare values. An omitted EXPRESSION defaults to false. Otherwise, EXPRESSION is true or false and sets exit status. |
| diff | Compare FILES line by line. |
| diff3 | Compare three files line by line. |
| cmp | Compare two files byte by byte. |
| comm | Compare sorted files FILE1 and FILE2 line by line. |
| dir | list directory contents. List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified. |
| dirname | Output each NAME with its last non-slash component and trailing slashes removed; 「dirname /usr/bin/」→ "/usr" |
| file | tests each argument in an attempt to classify it. There are three sets of tests, performed in this order: filesystem tests, magic tests, and language tests. The first test that succeeds causes the file type to be printed. |
| find | searches the directory tree rooted at each given starting-point by evaluating the given expression from left to right, according to the rules of precedence (see section OPERATORS), until the outcome is known (the left hand side is false for and operations, true for or), at which point find moves on to the next file name. If no starting-point is specified, `.' is assumed. |
ファイル操作
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| gzip | compress or expand files. Gzip reduces the size of the named files using Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77). Whenever possible, each file is replaced by one with the extension .gz, while keeping the same ownership modes, access and modification times. (The default extension is z for MSDOS, OS/2 FAT, Windows NT FAT and Atari.) If no files are specified, or if a file name is "-", the standard input is compressed to the standard output. Gzip will only attempt to compress regular files. In particular, it will ignore symbolic links. |
| gzexe | allows you to compress executables in place and have them automatically uncompress and execute when you run them. |
| bzip2 | compresses files using the Burrows-Wheeler block sorting text compression algorithm, and Huffman coding. bzip2 expects a list of file names to accompany the command-line flags |
| cat | Concatenate FILE(s) to standard output. |
| chardet chardetect |
Report heuristically-detected character encoding for each file. |
| encguess | guess character encodings of files. |
| chmod | change file mode bits. chmod changes the file mode bits of each given file according to mode, which can be either a symbolic representation of changes to make, or an octal number representing the bit pattern for the new mode bits. |
| chown | change file owner and group. |
| chattr | changes the file attributes on a Linux file system. The format of a symbolic mode is +-=[aAcCdDeFijmPsStTux]. |
| chgrp | Change the group of each FILE to GROUP.「chgrp staff /u」 Change the group of /u to "staff". |
| cksum | Print CRC checksum and byte counts of each FILE. |
| cp | copy files and directories. Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY. |
| cpio | copy files to and from archives. copies files between archives and directories. It supports the following archive formats: old binary cpio, old portable cpio, SVR4 cpio with and without checksum, HP cpio, and various tar formats. |
| csplit | Output pieces of FILE separated by PATTERN(s) to files 'xx00', 'xx01', ..., and output byte counts of each piece to standard output. |
| cut | remove sections from each line of files. Print selected parts of lines from each FILE to standard output. |
| dd | convert and copy a file (cc → dd). Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the operands. |
| flock | wrap the lock around the execution of a command, in a manner similar to su(1) or newgrp(1). They lock a specified file or directory, which is created (assuming appropriate permissions) if it does not already exist. By default, if the lock cannot be immediately acquired, flock waits until the lock is available. |
テキスト調査
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| ispell buildhash munchlist findaffix tryaffix icombine ijoin |
will display each word which does not appear in the dictionary at the top of the screen and allow you to change it. Ispell is fashioned after the spell program from ITS (called ispell on Twenex systems.) |
| defmt-c defmt-sh |
a sample ispell deformatter for C, C++, and shell sources. They allow ispell(1) to be used to check C and C++ programs as well as shell scripts. |
| grep | print lines that match patterns. grep searches for PATTERNS in each FILE. PATTERNS is one or more patterns separated by newline characters, and grep prints each line that matches a pattern. Typically PATTERNS should be quoted when grep is used in a shell command. |
| expr | ARG2, ARG1 & ARG2, ARG1 <= ARG2, ARG1 != ARG2, ARG1 + ARG2, etc. |
| head | output the first part of files. Print the first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. |
テキスト操作
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| basename | strip directory and suffix from filenames. e.g) basename /usr/bin/sort -> "sort" |
| col | 改行コードなどをフィルタするコマンド。manページをテキストファイルに出力する場合によく利用される。filters out reverse (and half-reverse) line feeds so the output is in the correct order, with only forward and half-forward line feeds. It also replaces any whitespace characters with tabs where possible. This can be useful in processing the output of nroff(1) and tbl(1). |
| colrm | removes selected columns from a file. Input is taken from standard input. Output is sent to standard output. If called with one parameter the columns of each line will be removed starting with the specified first column. If called with two parameters the columns from the first column to the last column will be removed. Column numbering starts with column 1. |
| expand | Convert tabs in each FILE to spaces, writing to standard output. |
| hd hexdump |
display file contents in hexadecimal, decimal, octal, or ascii. |
テキスト整形
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| column | ターミナルの出力やテキストを複数の列に整形する。formats its input into multiple columns. |
| groff | front-end for the groff document formatting system. The groff program and macro suite is the implementation of a roff(7) (run off the copy) system within the free software collection GNU. The groff system has all features of the classical roff, but adds many extensions. |
| fmt | simple optimal text formatter. Reformat each paragraph in the FILE(s), writing to standard output. |
| fold | wrap each input line to fit in specified width. |
計算
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| factor | factor numbers. 素因数分解する。factor 4301 -> 4301: 11 17 23 |
ユーティリティ
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| echo | display a line of text. Echo the STRING(s) to standard output. |
| false | do nothing, unsuccessfully. Exit with a status code indicating failure. NOTE: your shell may have its own version of false, which usually supersedes the version described here. Please refer to your shell's documentation for details about the options it supports. |
| getopt | used to break up (parse) options in command lines for easy parsing by shell procedures, and to check for valid options. |
ネットワーク管理
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| dig | DNS lookup utility. dig is a flexible tool for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that were queried. Most DNS administrators use dig to troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use, and clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality than dig. |
| host | DNS lookup utility. simple utility for performing DNS lookups. It is normally used to convert names to IP addresses and vice versa. When no arguments or options are given, host prints a short summary of its command-line arguments and options. name is the domain name that is to be looked up. |
| hostid | print the numeric identifier for the current host. Print the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) for the current host. |
| hostname | show or set the system's host name. |
| hostnamectl | Control the system hostname. used to query and change the system hostname and related settings. |
| domainname | show or set the system's NIS/YP (Network Information Service/Yellow Page) domain name. |
| ypdomainname | show or set the system's NIS/YP domain name. |
| nisdomainname | show or set the system's NIS/YP domain name |
| dnsdomainname | show the system's DNS domain name. |
| dnstap-read | reads dnstap data from a specified file and prints it in a human-readable format. By default, dnstap data is printed in a short summary format, but if the -y option is specified, a longer and more detailed YAML (YAML Ain't a Markup Language.) format is used. |
| getent | displays entries from databases supported by the Name Service Switch libraries, which are configured in /etc/nsswitch.conf. If one or more key arguments are provided, then only the entries that match the supplied keys will be displayed. |
❌ 使わなそう
妖精さん
| dbus-daemon | is the D-Bus message bus daemon. D-Bus is first a library that provides one-to-one communication between any two applications; dbus-daemon is an application that uses this library to implement a message bus daemon. Multiple programs connect to the message bus daemon and can exchange messages with one another. |
|---|
デバイス関係
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| addpart | tells the Linux kernel about the existence of the specified partition. The command is a simple wrapper around the "add partition" ioctl. This command doesn't manipulate partitions on a block device. |
| delpart | sks the Linux kernel to forget about the specified partition (a number) on the specified device. The command is a simple wrapper around the "del partition" ioctl. This command doesn't manipulate partitions on a block device. |
サービス関係
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| deb-systemd-invoke | is a Debian-specific helper script which asks /usr/sbin/policy-rc.d before performing a systemctl call. wrapper around systemctl, respecting policy-rc.d. |
| deb-systemd-helper | is a Debian-specific helper script which re-implements the enable, disable, is-enabled and reenable commands from systemctl. subset of systemctl for machines not running systemd. |
プロセス関係
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| choom | display and adjust OOM-killer score. Linux kernel uses the badness heuristic to select which process gets killed in out of memory conditions. |
環境関係
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| colcrt | provides virtual half-line and reverse line feed sequences for terminals without such capability, and on which overstriking is destructive. |
ファイル関係
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| dotlockfile | Utility to manage lockfiles. It is a command line utility to reliably create, test and remove lockfiles. It creates lockfiles reliably on local and NFS filesystems, because the crucial steps of testing for a preexisting lockfile and creating it are performed atomically by a single call to link(2). Manpage lock-file_create(3) describes the used algorithm. |
ネットワーク関係
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| delv | DNS lookup and validation utility. delv is a tool for sending DNS queries and validating the results, using the same internal resolver and validator logic as named. |
プログラミング関係
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| awk mawk |
is an interpreter for the AWK Programming Language. |
| catchsegv | Used to debug segmentation faults in programs. The output is the content of registers, plus a backtrace. |
| debianbts | Debian BTS (Bug Tracking System). |
| gettext gettext.sh |
translates a natural language message into the user's language, by looking up the translation in a message catalog. プログラムが出すメッセージの多言語化。 |
| cpan cpan5.32-x86_64-linux-gnu |
This script provides a command interface (not a shell) to CPAN: Comprehensive Perl Archive Network. At the moment it uses CPAN.pm to do the work, but it is not a one-shot command runner for CPAN.pm. |
| enc2xs | Perl Encode Module Generator |
| h2ph | convert .h C header files to .ph Perl header files. |
| h2xs | convert .h C header files to Perl extensions. |
ユーティリティ関係
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| busybox | The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux. BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a single small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of the utilities you usually find in GNU coreutils, util-linux, etc. |
| apropos | search the manual page names and descriptions. Each manual page has a short description available within it. apropos searches the descriptions for instances of keyword. keyword is usually a regular expression, as if (-r) was used, or may contain wildcards (-w), or match the exact keyword (-e). Using these options, it may be necessary to quote the keyword or escape (\) the special characters to stop the shell from interpreting them. The standard matching rules allow matches to be made against the page name and word boundaries in the description. |
| b2sum | compute and check BLAKE2 message digest. BLAKE2はMD5やSHAといったハッシュアルゴリズムの代替として利用できる。 |
| base32 | encode/decode data and print to standard output. |
| base64 | encode/decode data and print to standard output. |
| basenc | Encode/decode data and print to standard output with options like --base64 and --base32 etc. |
| bzexe | allows you to compress executables (実行ファイル) in place and have them automatically uncompress and execute when you run them. e.g. 'bzexe /bin/cat'. |
| corelist | commandline frontend to Module::CoreList. CGIやアプリケーションの配布の時どのモジュールがどのバージョンから標準添付になったのかを明示するために入れておくのが Module::CoreList。 |
| editor nano |
Nano's ANOther editor, inspired by Pico. nano is a small and friendly editor. It copies the look and feel of Pico, but is free software, and implements several features that Pico lacks. |
| helpztags | generate the help tags file for directory. |
？？？
| コマンド | 概要 |
|---|---|
| captoinfo | convert a termcap description into a terminfo description. 「termcapとterminfo の基本概念」 |
| catman | create or update the pre-formatted manual pages. catman is used to create an up to date set of pre-formatted manual pages known as cat pages. Cat pages are generally much faster to display than the original manual pages, but require extra storage space. The decision to support cat pages is that of the local administrator, who must provide suitable directories to contain them. |
| run-mailcap view see edit compose |
execute programs via entries in the mailcap file. it (or any of its aliases) will use the given action to process each mime-type/file in turn. |
未分類
fgrep file fincore find findaffix findmnt flock fmt fold free geqn getconf getent getopt gettext gettext.sh gpasswd gpgv gpic grep groff grog grops grotty groups grub-editenv grub-file grub-fstest grub-glue-efi grub-kbdcomp grub-menulst2cfg grub-mkfont grub-mkimage grub-mklayout grub-mknetdir grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 grub-mkrelpath grub-mkrescue grub-mkstandalone grub-mount grub-ntldr-img grub-render-label grub-script-check grub-syslinux2cfg gtbl gunzip gzexe gzip h2ph h2xs hd head helpztags hexdump host hostid hostname hostnamectl
i386 icombine iconv id ijoin infocmp infotocap install instmodsh ionice ip ipcmk ipcrm ipcs ischroot ispell ispell-wrapper join journalctl json_pp kernel-install kill kmod laptop-detect last lastb lastlog lcf ldd less lessecho lessfile lesskey lesspipe lexgrog lft lft.db libnetcfg link linux32 linux64 linux-check-removal linux-update-symlinks linux-version ln lnstat locale localectl localedef logger login loginctl logname
look ls lsattr lsblk lsb_release lscpu lsinitramfs lsipc lslocks lslogins lsmem lsmod lsns lsof lspci lsusb lzcat lzcmp lzdiff lzegrep lzfgrep lzgrep lzless lzma lzmainfo lzmore man mandb manpath man-recode mawk mcookie md5sum md5sum.textutils mdig mesg mkdir mkfifo mknod mktemp more mount mountpoint mt mt-gnu munchlist mv namei nano nawk nc nc.traditional neqn netcat networkctl newgrp ngettext nice nisdomainname nl nohup nproc nroff nsenter nslookup nstat nsupdate numfmt od open openssl pager partx passwd paste pathchk pdb3 pdb3.9 perf perl perl5.32.1 perl5.32-x86_64-linux-gnu perlbug perldoc perlivp perlthanks pgrep pic pico piconv pidof pidwait ping ping4 ping6 pinky
pkill pl2pm pldd pmap pod2html pod2man pod2text pod2usage podchecker pr preconv print printenv printf prlimit prove ps ptar ptardiff ptargrep ptx pwd pwdx py3clean py3compile py3versions pydoc3 pydoc3.9 pygettext3 pygettext3.9 python3 python3.9 querybts rbash rcp rdma readlink realpath renice reportbug report-hw reset resizepart resolvectl rev rgrep rlogin rm rmdir rnano routef routel rsh rtstat runcon run-mailcap run-parts rview savelog scp script scriptlive scriptreplay sdiff sed see select-default-iwrap select-editor sensible-browser sensible-editor sensible-pager seq setarch setpci setpriv setsid setterm sftp sg sh sha1sum sha224sum sha256sum sha384sum
sha512sum shasum shred shuf skill slabtop sleep slogin snice soelim sort splain split ss ssh ssh-add ssh-agent ssh-argv0 ssh-copy-id ssh-keygen ssh-keyscan stat stdbuf streamzip stty su sum sync systemctl systemd systemd-analyze systemd-ask-password systemd-cat systemd-cgls systemd-cgtop systemd-delta systemd-detect-virt systemd-escape systemd-hwdb systemd-id128 systemd-inhibit systemd-machine-id-setup systemd-mount systemd-notify
systemd-path systemd-resolve systemd-run systemd-socket-activate systemd-stdio-bridge systemd-sysusers systemd-tmpfiles systemd-tty-ask-password-agent systemd-umount tabs tac tail tar tasksel taskset tbl tee telnet telnet.netkit tempfile test tic timedatectl timeout tload toe top touch tput tr traceproto traceproto.db traceroute traceroute6 traceroute6.db traceroute.db traceroute-nanog troff true truncate tryaffix tset tsort tty tzselect ucf ucfq ucfr udevadm ul umount uname uncompress unexpand uniq unlink unlzma unmkinitramfs unshare unxz
update-alternatives update-mime-database uptime usb-devices usbhid-dump usbreset users utmpdump vdir vi view vim.tiny vmstat w wall watch wc wdctl wget whatis whereis which whiptail who whoami write write.ul x86_64 xargs xauth xdg-user-dir xdg-user-dirs-update xsubpp xxd xz xzcat xzcmp xzdiff xzegrep xzfgrep xzgrep xzless xzmore yes ypdomainname zcat zcmp zdiff zdump zegrep zfgrep zforce zgrep zipdetails zless zmore znew