Linuxコマンド

略語の意味を示すために説明は英語表記。ちなみに、これら全ては1つ1つがアプリだった。Unix哲学の結晶。

デバイス管理

ディレクトリ	説明
lscpu	list CPU info
lspci	list PCI devices
lsusb	lsit USB devices
lsscsi	list SCSI devices
lsblk	list block / storage devices
hwclock	set hardware clock
hdparm	show HDD/SATA/IDE parameters
sdparm	access SCSI mode page
loadkeys	loadkeybords
setterm	terminal settings
screen	terminal screen manager
tmux	?
chvt	change vertual terminal
fdisk	fixed disk, manipulate partitions
parted	partition edit
partx	show partitions
mkswap	make swap area
swapon	swap area on
swapoff	swap area off
wodim	write to CD/DVD
growisofs	write iso image to DVD

カーネル管理

ディレクトリ	説明
mkinitramfs	initramfs image generator ( Debian )
dracut	initramfs image generator ( RH )
dmsg	display Kernel message ring
lsmod	list Linux Kernel modules
insmod	insert a Kernel module
rmmod	remove a Kernel module
depmod	generate modules.dep
modprobe	add and remove modules from Kernel
modinfo	show information about a Kernel modules

システム管理

• hostname --- hostname
• hostnamectl --- mamage hostname ( hostnamectl status )
• uname --- show system information
• arch --- show system hardware name ( = uname -m)
• top --- show top processes
• df --- disk free on filesystem
• du --- disk used
• free --- free memory
• vmstat --- memory status
• init --- system mamager
• initctl --- ?
• systemctl --- system mamager
• chkconfig --- old way of systemctl
• runlevel --- show runlevel
• update-rc.d --- set System-V initial links
• sysctl --- configure Kernel parameters
• ldd --- list dynamic dependencies
• ldconfig --- ldd configure
• logger --- enter message to system log
• journalctl --- system log manager
• halt --- halt, power off, reboot machine
• shutdown --- shutdown machine
• busybox --- command tool box

プロセス管理

• pwdx --- pwd for process
• ps --- show processes
• pstree --- show processes tree
• pgrep --- process grep
• pkill --- process kill
• pidof --- process id open file
• lsof --- list files opened by processes
• fuser --- identify file opening process
• kill --- kill process
• nohup --- run command without hup
• jobs --- show working jobs
• bg --- doing job at background
• fg --- doing job at forgraound

ファイルシステム管理

• mkfs --- make file system
• fsck --- file system check
• mount --- mount file system
• umount --- unmount file system
• mknod --- create a special file

ユーザ管理

• last --- show recent log-in users
• lastlog --- show last users login
• w / who --- show logged-in users
• users --- show logged-in users
• useradd --- add a user ( useradd -m -s /bin/bash -G sudo hoge )
• userdel --- delete a user ( userdel -r hoge )
• usermod --- modify a user
• groups --- show user's groups
• groupadd --- add a group
• groupdel --- delete a group
• groupmod --- modify a group
• chage --- change / show user's age
• chsh --- change login shell
• finger --- user's fingerprint
• chfn --- change user's fingerprint
• passwd --- change user's password
• gpasswd --- manage group password
• chpasswd --- change password in batch mode
• pwck --- check password file
• grpck --- check group file
• vipw / vigr --- edit password / group file
• pwconv --- convert password file
• edquota --- edit quota for user disk
• write / wall --- write a massage to all users
• htpasswd --- httpd basic authentication
• htdigest --- httpd digest authentication

ユーザツール

• id --- show user's id
• whoami --- who am i ?
• date --- show date
• cal --- show calendar
• set --- show shell environment
• env --- show user's enviroment
• printenv --- show environment
• export --- export environment from shell's env to user's env
• history --- show command history
• alias / unalias --- make alias
• fc --- ?
• su --- switch user
• sudo --- switch user do
• sg --- switch group
• chroot --- run command with special root directory
• nice --- set program priority
• renice --- alter program priority
• crontab --- manage cron
• expect --- expect response
• at --- ?
• script --- ?
• stdbuf --- modify buffering
• time --- show round trip time
• watch --- run program periodically
• sleep --- set a moment before run
• exit --- exit terminal
• make --- compile file
• install --- copy files
• yes --- always say "yes"
• which --- command path
• xargs --- x-arguments
• git --- git
• cvs --- cvs
• svn --- svn
• mysql --- mysql client / server
• mysqldump --- mysql dump databases
• xl --- ?
• VBoxManage --- ?
• lpadmin --- configure cups printers
• lpstat --- show cups printing status
• lp --- submit files for printing
• lpr --- subimt files for printing
• cancel --- cancel printing job

ファイル / ディレクトリ操作

• pwd --- print working directory
• tree --- show tee-style directory
• find --- find files
• locate --- location of files
• ls --- list
• file --- type of file
• stat --- status of file
• lsattr --- file system attribution
• chattr --- change file system attribution
• chmod --- change mode
• chown --- change owner of file
• chgrp --- change owner group
• cd --- change directory
• mkdir --- make a directory
• rmdir --- remove direcotory
• touch --- touch a file
• cp --- copy
• mv --- move, change
• rm --- remove
• shred --- shred files
• ln --- make a link
• readlink --- show symbolic link
• basename --- base name of file
• dirname --- name of directory
• tmpwatch --- ?
• umask --- user mask
• split --- split a file
• truncate --- shrink or expand file
• tar --- type archive
• gzip / gunzip --- zip / unzip
• cpio --- extract rpm files
• mktemp --- make temporary file
• convmv --- convert move
• dd --- dump datas
• pv --- pipe viewer
• base64 --- base64 encode / decode
• od --- octal dump
• md5sum / sha1sum --- calculate md5 or sha1
• iconv --- change file encoding
• strings --- show string parts in data file
• uuencode --- ?
• uudecode --- ?
• lhasa --- ?
• unrar --- ?
• pushd --- ?

テキスト編集

• echo --- display a line of text
• tee --- write std-output and life
• more --- viewer
• less --- viewer
• head --- show head part of file
• tail / tailf --- show tail part of file
• cat --- concatinate
• nl --- with number line
• grep --- global reguler expression print
• uniq --- show only uniq part
• wc --- word count
• cut --- cut
• rev --- reverse
• seq --- sequence
• sort --- sort
• tr --- translate
• ex --- ex mode of vi
• ed --- line editor
• sed --- stream editor
• vi --- visual editor
• awk --- patter scanning and processing language
• nkf --- ?
• patch --- patch a diff file
• diff --- compare two files line by line
• comm --- compare two files line by line
• cmp --- compare two files byte by byte
• col --- remove \n etc.
• column --- columnate list
• colrm --- column remove
• expand --- expand tab to space
• unexpand --- space to tab
• paste --- marge files
• join --- marge same parts of files
• bc --- calculator
• let --- calculate
• factor --- show factor numbers
• expr --- evaluate expression
• test --- ?
• shuf --- shuffle some value
• fold --- wrap words in lines
• pr --- for printer format

パッケージ管理

• apt --- advanced packaging tool
• dpkg --- Debian package manager
• yum --- yellodog-linux update manager
• rpm --- RedHat package manager
• rpm2cpio --- rpm file to cpio

ネットワーク

• ss --- show sockets
• netstat --- network status
• arp --- ip neighbors
• ipcalc --- ip calculator
• ip --- internet protocol mnager
• route --- ip routing table manager
• ifconfig --- interface configure
• iwconfig --- interface wireless configure
• iwlist --- show Wi-Fi access-point
• wpa_supplicant --- protected Wi-Fi cliant
• nmtui --- NetworkManager text-user interface
• nmcli --- NetworkManager command-line interface
• iptables --- packet filtering tool
• ufw --- uncomplicated firewall manager
• firewall-cmd --- firewall manager
• ping --- send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST
• tracepath --- show a path to the host
• arping --- send ARP REQUEST to neighber
• ntpq --- NTP quary
• ntpdate --- set the date via NTP
• clockdiff --- time lag to remote host
• ssh --- secure shell
• ssh-keygen --- ssh-key generator
• ssh-copy-id --- ssh copy id
• scp --- secure copy
• rsync --- remote file-copying tool
• telnet --- ?
• ftp --- file transfer program
• sftp --- secure ftp
• wget --- WWW downloader
• curl --- Client URL Request Library
• tcpdump --- dump traffic on a network
• tshark --- ?
• brctl --- ?
• host --- DNS lookup
• nslookup --- DNS lookup
• dig --- DNS lookup
• whois --- show IANA info

ネットワークセキュリティ

• nmap --- Network Mapper
• netcat / nc --- network investigator
• gpg --- GNU Privacy Gard
• openssl --- SSL / TLS tool kit
• pwgen --- password generator

ネットワークツール

• mail --- send and receive mail
• mailq --- ?
• newaliases --- mail alias
• w3m --- WWW monitor
• showmount --- show NFS server's exports status
• rdesktop --- remote desktop

TIPS

画像を一括して圧縮

# find /var/www/html/wp-content/uploads/ -name *.jpg | xargs -t -I{} convert {} -sampling-factor 4:2:0 -strip -quality 90 -interlace JPEG -colorspace sRGB {}