Linuxコマンド

略語の意味を示すために説明は英語表記。ちなみに、これら全ては1つ1つがアプリだった。Unix哲学の象徴。

デバイス管理

コマンド	説明
lscpu	list CPU info
lspci	list PCI devices
lsusb	lsit USB devices
lsscsi	list SCSI devices
lsblk	list block / storage devices
hwclock	set hardware clock
hdparm	show HDD/SATA/IDE parameters
sdparm	access SCSI mode page
loadkeys	loadkeybords
setterm	terminal settings
screen	terminal screen manager
tmux	?
chvt	change vertual terminal
fdisk	fixed disk, manipulate partitions
parted	partition edit
partx	show partitions
mkswap	make swap area
swapon	swap area on
swapoff	swap area off
wodim	write to CD/DVD
growisofs	write iso image to DVD

カーネル管理

コマンド	説明
mkinitramfs	initramfs image generator ( Debian )
dracut	initramfs image generator ( RH )
dmsg	display Kernel message ring
lsmod	list Linux Kernel modules
insmod	insert a Kernel module
rmmod	remove a Kernel module
depmod	generate modules.dep
modprobe	add and remove modules from Kernel
modinfo	show information about a Kernel modules

システム管理

コマンド	説明
hostname	hostname
hostnamectl	mamage hostname ( hostnamectl status )
uname	show system information
arch	show system hardware name ( = uname -m)
top	show top processes
df	disk free on filesystem
du	disk used
free	free memory
vmstat	memory status
init	system mamager
initctl	?
systemctl	system mamager
chkconfig	old way of systemctl
runlevel	show runlevel
update-rc.d	set System-V initial links
sysctl	configure Kernel parameters
ldd	list dynamic dependencies
ldconfig	ldd configure
logger	enter message to system log
journalctl	system log manager
halt	halt, power off, reboot machine
shutdown	shutdown machine
busybox	command tool box

プロセス管理

コマンド	説明
pwdx	pwd for process
ps	show processes
pstree	show processes tree
pgrep	process grep
pkill	process kill
pidof	process id open file
lsof	list files opened by processes
fuser	identify file opening process
kill	kill process
nohup	run command without hup
jobs	show working jobs
bg	doing job at background
fg	doing job at forgraound

ファイルシステム管理

コマンド	説明
mkfs	make file system
fsck	file system check
mount	mount file system
umount	unmount file system
mknod	create a special file

ユーザ管理

コマンド	説明
last	show recent log-in users
lastlog	show last users login
w / who	show logged-in users
users	show logged-in users
useradd	add a user ( useradd -m -s /bin/bash -G sudo hoge )
userdel	delete a user ( userdel -r hoge )
usermod	modify a user
groups	show user's groups
groupadd	add a group
groupdel	delete a group
groupmod	modify a group
chage	change / show user's age
chsh	change login shell
finger	user's fingerprint
chfn	change user's fingerprint
passwd	change user's password
gpasswd	manage group password
chpasswd	change password in batch mode
pwck	check password file
grpck	check group file
vipw / vigr	edit password / group file
pwconv	convert password file
edquota	edit quota for user disk
write / wall	write a massage to all users
htpasswd	httpd basic authentication
htdigest	httpd digest authentication

ユーザツール

コマンド	説明
id	show user's id
whoami	who am i ?
date	show date
cal	show calendar
set	show shell environment
env	show user's enviroment
printenv	show environment
export	export environment from shell's env to user's env
history	show command history
alias / unalias	make alias
fc	?
su	switch user
sudo	switch user do
sg	switch group
chroot	run command with special root directory
nice	set program priority
renice	alter program priority
crontab	manage cron
expect	expect response
at	?
script	?
stdbuf	modify buffering
time	show round trip time
watch	run program periodically
sleep	set a moment before run
exit	exit terminal
make	compile file
install	copy files
yes	always say "yes"
which	command path
xargs	x-arguments
git	git
cvs	cvs
svn	svn
mysql	mysql client / server
mysqldump	mysql dump databases
xl	?
VBoxManage	?
lpadmin	configure cups printers
lpstat	show cups printing status
lp	submit files for printing
lpr	subimt files for printing
cancel	cancel printing job

ファイル / ディレクトリ操作

コマンド	説明
pwd	print working directory
tree	show tee-style directory
find	find files
locate	location of files
ls	list
file	type of file
stat	status of file
lsattr	file system attribution
chattr	change file system attribution
chmod	change mode
chown	change owner of file
chgrp	change owner group
cd	change directory
mkdir	make a directory
rmdir	remove direcotory
touch	touch a file
cp	copy
mv	move, change
rm	remove
shred	shred files
ln	make a link
readlink	show symbolic link
basename	base name of file
dirname	name of directory
tmpwatch	?
umask	user mask
split	split a file
truncate	shrink or expand file
tar	type archive
gzip / gunzip	zip / unzip
cpio	extract rpm files
mktemp	make temporary file
convmv	convert move
dd	dump datas
pv	pipe viewer
base64	base64 encode / decode
od	octal dump
md5sum / sha1sum	calculate md5 or sha1
iconv	change file encoding
strings	show string parts in data file
uuencode	?
uudecode	?
lhasa	?
unrar	?
pushd	?

テキスト編集

コマンド	説明
echo	display a line of text
tee	write std-output and life
more	viewer
less	viewer
head	show head part of file
tail / tailf	show tail part of file
cat	concatinate
nl	with number line
grep	global reguler expression print
uniq	show only uniq part
wc	word count
cut	cut
rev	reverse
seq	sequence
sort	sort
tr	translate
ex	ex mode of vi
ed	line editor
sed	stream editor
vi	visual editor
awk	patter scanning and processing language
nkf	?
patch	patch a diff file
diff	compare two files line by line
comm	compare two files line by line
cmp	compare two files byte by byte
col	remove \n etc.
column	columnate list
colrm	column remove
expand	expand tab to space
unexpand	space to tab
paste	marge files
join	marge same parts of files
bc	calculator
let	calculate
factor	show factor numbers
expr	evaluate expression
test	?
shuf	shuffle some value
fold	wrap words in lines
pr	for printer format

パッケージ管理

コマンド	説明
apt	advanced packaging tool
dpkg	Debian package manager
yum	yellodog-linux update manager
rpm	RedHat package manager
rpm2cpio	rpm file to cpio

ネットワーク

コマンド	説明
ss	show sockets
netstat	network status
arp	ip neighbors
ipcalc	ip calculator
ip	internet protocol mnager
route	ip routing table manager
ifconfig	interface configure
iwconfig	interface wireless configure
iwlist	show Wi-Fi access-point
wpa_supplicant	protected Wi-Fi cliant
nmtui	NetworkManager text-user interface
nmcli	NetworkManager command-line interface
iptables	packet filtering tool
ufw	uncomplicated firewall manager
firewall-cmd	firewall manager
ping	send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST
tracepath	show a path to the host
arping	send ARP REQUEST to neighber
ntpq	NTP quary
ntpdate	set the date via NTP
clockdiff	time lag to remote host
ssh	secure shell
ssh-keygen	ssh-key generator
ssh-copy-id	ssh copy id
scp	secure copy
rsync	remote file-copying tool
telnet	?
ftp	file transfer program
sftp	secure ftp
wget	WWW downloader
curl	Client URL Request Library
tcpdump	dump traffic on a network
tshark	?
brctl	?
host	DNS lookup
nslookup	DNS lookup
dig	DNS lookup
whois	show IANA info

ネットワークセキュリティ

• nmap --- Network Mapper
• netcat / nc --- network investigator
• gpg --- GNU Privacy Gard
• openssl --- SSL / TLS tool kit
• pwgen --- password generator

ネットワークツール

• mail --- send and receive mail
• mailq --- ?
• newaliases --- mail alias
• w3m --- WWW monitor
• showmount --- show NFS server's exports status
• rdesktop --- remote desktop

TIPS

画像を一括して圧縮

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