Linuxコマンド

略語の意味を示すために説明は英語表記。ちなみに、これら全ては1つ1つがアプリだった。Unix哲学の結晶。

デバイス管理

• lscpu - list CPU info
• lspci - list PCI devices
• lsusb - lsit USB devices
• lsscsi - list SCSI devices
• lsblk - list block / storage devices
• hwclock - set hardware clock
• hdparm - show HDD/SATA/IDE parameters
• sdparm - access SCSI mode page
• loadkeys - loadkeybords
• setterm - terminal settings
• screen - terminal screen manager
• tmux - ?
• chvt - change vertual terminal
• fdisk - fixed disk, manipulate partitions
• parted - partition edit
• partx - show partitions
• mkswap - make swap area
• swapon - swap area on
• swapoff - swap area off
• wodim - write to CD/DVD

カーネル管理

• mkinitramfs - initramfs image generator ( Debian )
• dracut - initramfs image generator ( RH )
• dmsg - display Kernel message ring
• lsmod - list Linux Kernel modules
• insmod - insert a Kernel module
• rmmod - remove a Kernel module
• depmod - generate modules.dep
• modprobe - add and remove modules from Kernel
• modinfo - show information about a Kernel modules

システム管理

• hostname - hostname
• hostnamectl - mamage hostname ( hostnamectl status )
• uname - show system information
• arch - show system hardware name ( = uname -m)
• top - show top processes
• df - disk free on filesystem
• du - disk used
• free - free memory
• vmstat - memory status
• init - system mamager
• initctl - ?
• systemctl - system mamager
• chkconfig - old way of systemctl
• runlevel - show runlevel
• update-rc.d - set System-V initial links
• sysctl - configure Kernel parameters
• ldd - list dynamic dependencies
• ldconfig - ldd configure
• logger - enter message to system log
• journalctl - system log manager
• halt - halt, power off, reboot machine
• shutdown - shutdown machine
• busybox - command tool box

プロセス管理

• pwdx - pwd for process
• ps - show processes
• pstree - show processes tree
• pgrep - process grep
• pkill - process kill
• pidof - process id open file
• lsof - list files opened by processes
• fuser - identify file opening process
• kill - kill process
• nohup - run command without hup
• jobs - show working jobs
• bg - doing job at background
• fg - doing job at forgraound

ファイルシステム管理

• mkfs - make file system
• fsck - file system check
• mount - mount file system
• umount - unmount file system
• mknod - create a special file

ユーザ管理

• last - show recent log-in users
• lastlog - show last users login
• w / who - show logged-in users
• users - show logged-in users
• useradd - add a user ( useradd -m -s /bin/bash -G sudo hoge )
• userdel - delete a user ( userdel -r hoge )
• usermod - modify a user
• groups - show user's groups
• groupadd - add a group
• groupdel - delete a group
• groupmod - modify a group
• chage - change / show user's age
• chsh - change login shell
• finger - user's fingerprint
• chfn - change user's fingerprint
• passwd - change user's password
• gpasswd - manage group password
• chpasswd - change password in batch mode
• pwck - check password file
• grpck - check group file
• vipw / vigr - edit password / group file
• pwconv - convert password file
• edquota - edit quota for user disk
• write / wall - write a massage to all users
• htpasswd - httpd basic authentication
• htdigest - httpd digest authentication

ユーザレベルでよく使う

• id - show user's id
• whoami - who am i ?
• date - show date
• cal - show calendar
• set - show shell environment
• env - show user's enviroment
• printenv - show environment
• export - export environment from shell's env to user's env
• alias / unalias - make alias
• history - show command history
• fc - ?
• su - switch user
• sudo - switch user do
• sg - switch group
• chroot - run command with special root directory
• nice - set program priority
• renice - alter program priority
• crontab - manage cron
• expect - expect response
• at - ?
• script - ?
• stdbuf - modify buffering
• time - show round trip time
• watch - run program periodically
• sleep - set a moment before run
• exit - exit terminal
• make - compile file
• install - copy files
• yes - always say "yes"
• git - git
• cvs - cvs
• svn - svn
• mysql - mysql client / server
• mysqldump - mysql dump databases
• xl - ?
• VBoxManage - ?
• lpadmin - configure cups printers
• lpstat - show cups printing status
• lp - submit files for printing
• lpr - subimt files for printing
• cancel - cancel printing job

ファイル / ディレクトリ操作

• pwd - print working directory
• tree - tee-style
• find - find files
• xargs - x-arguments
• locate - location of files
• which - command path
• ls - list
• cd - change directory
• file - type of file
• stat - status of file
• lsattr - file system attribution
• chattr - change file system attribution
• chmod - change mode
• chown - change owner of file
• chgrp - change owner group
• cp - copy
• mv - move, change
• rm - remove
• shred - shred files
• tmpwatch - ?
• umask - user mask
• mkdir - make a directory
• rmdir - remove direcotory
• touch - touch a file
• ln - make a link
• readlink - show symbolic link
• basename - base name of file
• dirname - name of directory
• split - split a file
• truncate - shrink or expand file
• tar - type archive
• gzip / gunzip - zip / unzip
• cpio - extract rpm files
• mktemp - make temporary file
• convmv - convert move
• dd - dump datas
• pv - pipe viewer
• base64 - base64 encode / decode
• od - octal dump
• md5sum / sha1sum - calculate md5 or sha1
• iconv - change file encoding
• strings - show string parts in data file
• uuencode - ?
• uudecode - ?
• lhasa - ?
• unrar- ?
• pushd - ?