システム管理者用コマンド

Debian11で「/sbin -> usr/sbin」内に格納されているシステム管理者用コマンド。rootで利用可。ちなみに アプリ や 妖精/ダイモン の場合はより機能が複雑で、独自のインターフェースが起動したりする。

妖精さん

arpd	ARP情報を収集して保持してくれる妖精。daemon collects gratuitous ARP information, saving it on local disk and feeding it to the kernel on demand to avoid redundant broadcasting due to limited size of the kernel ARP cache.
cron	スケジュールした仕事をやってくれる妖精。daemon to execute scheduled commands (Vixie Cron). started automatically from /etc/init.d on entering multi-user runlevels.

ハードウェア管理

コマンド	概要
dmidecode	PCのSMBIOS情報を表示。tool for dumping a computer's DMI (some say SMBIOS) table contents in a human-readable format.
chcpu	configure CPUs. it modify the state of CPUs. It can enable or disable CPUs, scan for new CPUs, etc.
chmem	configure memory. it sets a particular size or range of memory online or offline.
discover	ハードウェア情報を表示。provides an extensible hardware detection and reporting interface. Hardware information is stored in an XML data format and can be re trieved across the network.
discover-modprobe	ブート時に自動的に実行されてカーネルモジュールをロード。loads kernel modules identified by discover. It will typically be invoked automatically at boot time.
discover-pkginstall	discoverコマンド情報を利用してハードウェア向けのパッケージをインストール。intsall packages for available hardware using discover(1).It will use the discover-data database to map for hardware to debian packages, install the packages by default.
biosdecode	BIOSに記録されているハードウェア情報を表示。parses the BIOS memory and prints information about all structures (or entry points) it knows of.
ctrlaltdel	Linuxでは「ctrl」「alt」「del」同時押しでシステムを強制リブートできる。Debian11では「soft（オフ）」。set the function of the Ctrl-Alt-Del combination. hard : Immediately reboot the computer without calling sync(2) and without any other preparation.

デバイス管理

コマンド	概要
blkid	ブロックデバイスのID情報を表示。locate/print block device attributes.
badblocks	パーティション内のブロックの欠陥を探す。used to search for bad blocks on a device (usually a disk partition).
blkdeactivate	ブロックデバイスをオフにする。deactivates block devices. For mounted block devices, it attempts to unmount it automatically before trying to deactivate.
blkdicard	デバイスのセクターを直接破棄。discard device sectors. This is useful for solid-state drivers (SSDs) and thinly-provisioned storage. Unlike fstrim(8), this command is used directly on the block device.
blkzone	run zone command on device that support the Zoned Block Commands (ZBC) or Zoned-device ATA Commands (ZAC).
blockdev	The utility blockdev allows one to call block device ioctls from the command line.
dmsetup	manages logical devices that use the device-mapper driver. Devices are created by loading a table that specifies a target for each sector (512 bytes) in the logical device.
dmstats	manages IO statistics regions for devices that use the device-mapper driver. Statistics regions may be created, deleted, listed and reported on using the tool.

ファイルシステム管理

コマンド	概要
cfdisk	パーティショニング管理アプリ。display or manipulate a disk partition table. Curses-based program for partitioning any block device. The default device is /dev/sda.
debugfs	対話的にファイルシステムをデバッグする。ext2/ext3/ext4 file system debugger.It can be used to examine and change the state of an ext2, ext3, or ext4 file system.
dpkg-fsys-usrunmess	tool to fix up filesystems that have been installed anew with recent installers with unfortunate defaults or migrated to the broken merged /usr
dumpe2fs	prints the super block and blocks group information for the filesystem present on device. When used with a mounted filesystem, the printed information may be old or inconsistent.
e2freefrag	report free space fragmentation on ext2/3/4 file systems.
e2fsck	check the ext2/ext3/ext4 family of file systems. For ext3 and ext4 filesystems that use a journal, if the system has been shut down uncleanly without any errors, normally, after replaying the committed transactions in the journal, the file system should be marked as clean. Hence, for filesystems that use journalling, e2fsck will normally replay the journal and exit, unless its superblock indicates that further checking is required.

ユーザ管理

コマンド	概要
adduser addgroup	システムにユーザやグループを追加。add a user or group to the system.
useradd groupadd	low level utility for adding users. On Debian, administrators should usually use adduser(8) instead.
deluser delgroup	システムからユーザやグループを削除。remove a user or group from the system.
userdel groupdel	low level utility for removing users. On Debian, administrators should usually use deluser(8) instead.
chpasswd	ユーザのパスワードを変更。update passwords in batch mode. reads a list of user name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing users.
chgpasswd	グループのパスワードを変更。update group passwords in batch mode. it reads a list of group name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing groups.

システム環境管理

コマンド	概要
getty agetty	マシンを制御するためにテレタイプを起動。alternative Linux getty. Opens a tty port, prompts for a login name and invokes the /bin/login command. It is normally invoked by init(8).
add-shell	システムに利用可能なシェルを追加。add shells to the list of valid login shells
capsh	capability shell wrapper. This tool provides a handy wrapper for certain types of capability testing and environment creation. It also provides some debugging features useful for summarizing capability state.
chroot	「/（ルート）」の場所を自由に変えてコマンドを実行。run command or interactive shell with special root directory.

パッケージ管理

コマンド	概要
dpkg-preconfigure	インストールされる前に新しいパッケージが質問してくる。lets packages ask questions before they are installed. It operates on a set of debian packages, and all packages that use debconf will have their config script run so they can examine the system and ask questions.
dpkg-reconfigure	名前を指定してインストール済みパッケージの設定を組み直す。reconfigures packages after they have already been installed. Pass it the names of a package or packages to reconfigure. It will ask configuration questions, much like when the package was first installed. If you just want to see the current configuration of a package, see debconf-show(1) instead.

情報散策

コマンド	概要
accessdb	「man」関連のデータベース内情報を表示。dumps the content of a man-db database in a human readable format.
aspell-autobuildhash	「dictionaries-common」から呼ばれる。script that will manage aspell hash files autobuild, intended to be called from the dictionaries-common tools.

ネットワーク

コマンド	概要
dhclient	provides a means for configuring one or more network interfaces using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, BOOTP protocol, or if these protocols fail, by statically assigning an address.
dhclient-script	The DHCP client network configuration script is invoked from time to time by dhclient(8).
bridge	show / manipulate bridge addresses and devices.
devlink	Devlink tool

開発ツール

コマンド	概要
depmod	Linuxシステムでは複数のモジュールを使い回しながらサービスを提供している。ゆえにモジュール間の依存関係は複雑になりがち。depmodは各モジュールの依存状況を /lib/modules/version から読み取って依存関係リスト modules.dep を作成する。

その他

コマンド	概要
cppw cpgr	will copy, with locking, the given file to /etc/passwd and /etc/group, respectively.

dhclient dhclient-script discover discover-modprobe discover-pkginstall dmidecode dmsetup dmstats dpkg-fsys-usrunmess dpkg-preconfigure dpkg-reconfigure dumpe2fs e2freefrag e2fsck e2image e2label e2mmpstatus e2scrub e2scrub_all e2undo e4crypt e4defrag ethtool faillock fdformat fdisk filefrag findfs fsck fsck.cramfs fsck.ext2 fsck.ext3 fsck.ext4 fsck.minix fsfreeze fstab-decode fstrim genl getcap getpcaps groupadd groupdel groupmems groupmod grpck grpconv grpunconv grub-bios-setup grub-install grub-macbless grub-mkconfig grub-mkdevicemap grub-probe grub-reboot grub-set-default halt hwclock iconvconfig ifdown ifquery ifup init insmod installkernel invoke-rc.d ip isosize ispell-autobuildhash killall5 ldattach ldconfig locale-gen logrotate logsave losetup lsmod mke2fs mkfs mkfs.bfs mkfs.cramfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.ext3 mkfs.ext4 mkfs.minix mkhomedir_helper mkinitramfs mklost+found mkswap modinfo modprobe newusers nft nologin ownership pam-auth-update pam_getenv pam_timestamp_check pivot_root poweroff pwck pwconv pwunconv qemu-ga raw readprofile reboot remove-default-ispell remove-default-wordlist remove-shell resize2fs rmmod rmt rmt-tar rsyslogd rtacct rtcwake rtmon runlevel runuser select-default-ispell select-default-wordlist service setcap sfdisk shadowconfig shutdown sshd start-stop-daemon sulogin swaplabel swapoff swapon switch_root sysctl tarcat tc tcptraceroute tcptraceroute.db telinit tipc traceroute tune2fs tzconfig unix_chkpwd unix_update update-ca-certificates update-default-aspell update-default-ispell update-default-wordlist update-dictcommon-aspell update-dictcommon-hunspell update-grub update-grub2 update-initramfs update-locale update-mime update-passwd update-pciids update-rc.d upgrade-from-grub-legacy useradd userdel usermod validlocale vigr vipw vpddecode wipefs zic zramctl