Linuxコマンド

略語の意味を示すために説明は英語表記。ちなみに、これら全ては1つ1つがアプリだった。Unix哲学の結晶。

デバイス管理

• lscpu --- list CPU info
• lspci --- list PCI devices
• lsusb --- lsit USB devices
• lsscsi --- list SCSI devices
• lsblk --- list block / storage devices
• hwclock --- set hardware clock
• hdparm --- show HDD/SATA/IDE parameters
• sdparm --- access SCSI mode page
• loadkeys --- loadkeybords
• setterm --- terminal settings
• screen --- terminal screen manager
• tmux --- ?
• chvt --- change vertual terminal
• fdisk --- fixed disk, manipulate partitions
• parted --- partition edit
• partx --- show partitions
• mkswap --- make swap area
• swapon --- swap area on
• swapoff --- swap area off
• wodim --- write to CD/DVD
• growisofs --- write iso image to DVD

カーネル管理

• mkinitramfs --- initramfs image generator ( Debian )
• dracut --- initramfs image generator ( RH )
• dmsg --- display Kernel message ring
• lsmod --- list Linux Kernel modules
• insmod --- insert a Kernel module
• rmmod --- remove a Kernel module
• depmod --- generate modules.dep
• modprobe --- add and remove modules from Kernel
• modinfo --- show information about a Kernel modules

システム管理

• hostname --- hostname
• hostnamectl --- mamage hostname ( hostnamectl status )
• uname --- show system information
• arch --- show system hardware name ( = uname -m)
• top --- show top processes
• df --- disk free on filesystem
• du --- disk used
• free --- free memory
• vmstat --- memory status
• init --- system mamager
• initctl --- ?
• systemctl --- system mamager
• chkconfig --- old way of systemctl
• runlevel --- show runlevel
• update-rc.d --- set System-V initial links
• sysctl --- configure Kernel parameters
• ldd --- list dynamic dependencies
• ldconfig --- ldd configure
• logger --- enter message to system log
• journalctl --- system log manager
• halt --- halt, power off, reboot machine
• shutdown --- shutdown machine
• busybox --- command tool box

プロセス管理

• pwdx --- pwd for process
• ps --- show processes
• pstree --- show processes tree
• pgrep --- process grep
• pkill --- process kill
• pidof --- process id open file
• lsof --- list files opened by processes
• fuser --- identify file opening process
• kill --- kill process
• nohup --- run command without hup
• jobs --- show working jobs
• bg --- doing job at background
• fg --- doing job at forgraound

ファイルシステム管理

• mkfs --- make file system
• fsck --- file system check
• mount --- mount file system
• umount --- unmount file system
• mknod --- create a special file

ユーザ管理

• last --- show recent log-in users
• lastlog --- show last users login
• w / who --- show logged-in users
• users --- show logged-in users
• useradd --- add a user ( useradd -m -s /bin/bash -G sudo hoge )
• userdel --- delete a user ( userdel -r hoge )
• usermod --- modify a user
• groups --- show user's groups
• groupadd --- add a group
• groupdel --- delete a group
• groupmod --- modify a group
• chage --- change / show user's age
• chsh --- change login shell
• finger --- user's fingerprint
• chfn --- change user's fingerprint
• passwd --- change user's password
• gpasswd --- manage group password
• chpasswd --- change password in batch mode
• pwck --- check password file
• grpck --- check group file
• vipw / vigr --- edit password / group file
• pwconv --- convert password file
• edquota --- edit quota for user disk
• write / wall --- write a massage to all users
• htpasswd --- httpd basic authentication
• htdigest --- httpd digest authentication

ユーザツール

• id --- show user's id
• whoami --- who am i ?
• date --- show date
• cal --- show calendar
• set --- show shell environment
• env --- show user's enviroment
• printenv --- show environment
• export --- export environment from shell's env to user's env
• alias / unalias --- make alias
• history --- show command history
• fc --- ?
• su --- switch user
• sudo --- switch user do
• sg --- switch group
• chroot --- run command with special root directory
• nice --- set program priority
• renice --- alter program priority
• crontab --- manage cron
• expect --- expect response
• at --- ?
• script --- ?
• stdbuf --- modify buffering
• time --- show round trip time
• watch --- run program periodically
• sleep --- set a moment before run
• exit --- exit terminal
• make --- compile file
• install --- copy files
• yes --- always say "yes"
• git --- git
• cvs --- cvs
• svn --- svn
• mysql --- mysql client / server
• mysqldump --- mysql dump databases
• xl --- ?
• VBoxManage --- ?
• lpadmin --- configure cups printers
• lpstat --- show cups printing status
• lp --- submit files for printing
• lpr --- subimt files for printing
• cancel --- cancel printing job

ファイル / ディレクトリ操作

• pwd --- print working directory
• tree --- show tee-style directory
• find --- find files
• locate --- location of files
• xargs --- x-arguments
• which --- command path
• ls --- list
• file --- type of file
• stat --- status of file
• lsattr --- file system attribution
• chattr --- change file system attribution
• chmod --- change mode
• chown --- change owner of file
• chgrp --- change owner group
• cd --- change directory
• cp --- copy
• mv --- move, change
• rm --- remove
• shred --- shred files
• tmpwatch --- ?
• umask --- user mask
• mkdir --- make a directory
• rmdir --- remove direcotory
• touch --- touch a file
• ln --- make a link
• readlink --- show symbolic link
• basename --- base name of file
• dirname --- name of directory
• split --- split a file
• truncate --- shrink or expand file
• tar --- type archive
• gzip / gunzip --- zip / unzip
• cpio --- extract rpm files
• mktemp --- make temporary file
• convmv --- convert move
• dd --- dump datas
• pv --- pipe viewer
• base64 --- base64 encode / decode
• od --- octal dump
• md5sum / sha1sum --- calculate md5 or sha1
• iconv --- change file encoding
• strings --- show string parts in data file
• uuencode --- ?
• uudecode --- ?
• lhasa --- ?
• unrar --- ?
• pushd --- ?

テキスト編集

• echo --- display a line of text
• tee --- write std-output and life
• more --- viewer
• less --- viewer
• head --- show head part of file
• tail / tailf --- show tail part of file
• cat --- concatinate
• nl --- with number line
• rev --- reverse
• grep --- global reguler expression print
• vi --- visual editor
• ex --- ex mode of vi
• ed --- line editor
• sed --- stream editor
• tr --- translate
• awk --- patter scanning and processing language
• nkf --- ?
• patch --- patch a diff file
• diff --- compare two files line by line
• comm --- compare two files line by line
• cmp --- compare two files byte by byte
• col --- remove \n etc.
• column --- columnate list
• colrm --- column remove
• cut --- cut
• expand --- expand tab to space
• unexpand --- space to tab
• paste --- marge files
• join --- marge same parts of files
• uniq --- show only uniq part
• wc --- word count
• seq --- sequence
• sort --- sort
• bc --- calculator
• let --- calculate
• factor --- show factor numbers
• expr --- evaluate expression
• test --- ?
• shuf --- shuffle some value
• fold --- wrap words in lines
• pr --- for printer format

パッケージ管理

• apt --- advanced packaging tool
• dpkg --- Debian package manager
• yum --- yellodog-linux update manager
• rpm --- RedHat package manager
• rpm2cpio --- rpm file to cpio

ネットワーク

• ss --- show sockets
• netstat --- network status
• arp --- ip neighbors
• ipcalc --- ip calculator
• ip --- internet protocol mnager
• route --- ip routing table manager
• ifconfig --- interface configure
• iwconfig --- interface wireless configure
• iwlist --- show Wi-Fi access-point
• nmtui --- NetworkManager text-user interface
• nmcli --- NetworkManager command-line interface
• iptables --- packet filtering tool
• firewall-cmd --- firewall manager
• ufw --- uncomplicated firewall manager
• wpa_supplicant --- protected Wi-Fi cliant
• ping --- send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST
• tracepath --- show a path to the host
• arping --- send ARP REQUEST to neighber
• ntpq --- NTP quary
• ntpdate --- set the date via NTP
• clockdiff --- time lag to remote host
• telnet --- ?
• ssh --- secure shell
• ssh-keygen --- ssh-key generator
• ssh-copy-id --- ssh copy id
• scp --- secure copy
• rsync --- remote file-copying tool
• ftp --- file transfer program
• sftp --- secure ftp
• wget --- WWW downloader
• curl --- Client URL Request Library
• tcpdump --- dump traffic on a network
• tshark --- ?
• brctl --- ?
• host --- DNS lookup
• nslookup --- DNS lookup
• dig --- DNS lookup
• whois --- show IANA info

ネットワークセキュリティ

• nmap --- Network Mapper
• netcat / nc --- network investigator
• gpg --- GNU Privacy Gard
• openssl --- SSL / TLS tool kit
• pwgen --- password generator

ネットワークツール

• mail --- send and receive mail
• mailq --- ?
• newaliases --- mail alias
• w3m --- WWW monitor
• showmount --- show NFS server's exports status
• rdesktop --- remote desktop